Mohenjo-Daro, located in the Larkana district of Sindh province in Pakistan, is an ancient city that was built around 2500 BCE. The city is considered to be one of the most important archaeological sites in the world and is recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The name "Mohenjo-Daro" means "Mound of the Dead" in Sindhi, which is a reference to the city's ruins and the ancient Indus Valley Civilization that once thrived there.
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| Mohenjo Daro history |
The city was first discovered in the early 1920s by archaeologist Sir John Marshall, who worked for the Archaeological Survey of India. The site was later excavated by a team of archaeologists led by Sir Mortimer Wheeler in the 1940s. The excavation revealed a well-planned and advanced civilization that existed in the region thousands of years ago.
The ancient city of Mohenjo-Daro was built using advanced urban planning and engineering techniques. The city was divided into two major parts, the Citadel, and the Lower City. The Citadel was situated on the western side of the town and was a fortified area that housed public buildings, including a Great Bath, a granary, and a large residential complex. The Lower City, on the other hand, was an area where most of the city's residents lived, and it was situated on the eastern side of the town.
One of the most impressive features of Mohenjo-Daro is its sophisticated water management system. The city had a complex system of wells, reservoirs, and drains that were designed to manage and distribute water throughout the city. The Great Bath, for example, was a large swimming pool-like structure that was likely used for religious and ritual purposes. The bath had a series of interconnected drains and channels that allowed for the water to be circulated and filtered.
The city's architecture also shows a high degree of sophistication. The buildings were made of baked mud bricks that were uniform in size and shape, indicating a standardized building process. The city's buildings were also multi-storied, with some buildings reaching up to three stories high.
Another fascinating aspect of Mohenjo-Daro is the city's art and culture. The city's inhabitants were skilled artisans who produced a wide variety of objects, including pottery, jewelry, and figurines. The city's art also provides insights into the daily lives and religious practices of its inhabitants. For example, many of the figurines depict women in various poses, which suggests that women played an essential role in society.
Despite the city's advanced engineering and cultural achievements, the reasons for the city's decline and ultimate abandonment still need to be clarified. Theories suggest that a combination of environmental factors, such as changes in the Indus River's course, and social factors, such as conflicts and invasions, may have contributed to the city's decline.
Lastly, Mohenjo-Daro is an ancient city that provides insights into the achievements and culture of the Indus Valley Civilization. The city's advanced engineering, architecture, and cultural artifacts are a testament to the civilization's sophistication and ingenuity. Although the city's decline remains a mystery, the archaeological site remains an important historical and cultural landmark that continues to fascinate and inspire people from around the world.
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